Doctoral students and advisers are expected to be in regular communication throughout the program, with frequency and type of communication determined by where students are in their program as well as by individual needs and preferences. Advisers are encouraged to make clear to students what their availability is and their preferred form of communication (no email on weekends, phone vs Zoom vs in person meetings, etc), while students are encouraged to describe their communication needs to their advisers. Collaboratively, advisers and students should establish clear expectations on both sides for the frequency and speed of communication.